2012年唐山ML5.2地震前后的速度结构对比分析     

郭蕾  宫猛  王宁 《中国地震》2019,35(4):695-708

针对2012年5月28日唐山M_L5.2地震发生在老震区5级地震平静17年的背景,且其震级与唐山大地震序列强度衰减趋势相比明显偏高这一现象,采用双差层析成像方法,以2年为时间间隔对唐山地区2010年5月～2016年5月的地震数据进行反演,获得该区2012年唐山M_L5.2地震前后地壳的三维地震P波和S波速度的空间分布,结合此次地震的精定位震源参数,对比分析地震前后震源区地下介质波速的变化特征。研究结果发现此次地震发生前,震中处在高低速过渡带的位置,震后震中附近的波速出现一定程度的降低。  相似文献   

Double plane‐wave reverse‐time migration          下载免费PDF全文

Zeyu Zhao  Mrinal K. Sen  Paul L. Stoffa 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(6):1541-1558

We develop a new time‐domain reverse‐time migration method called double plane‐wave reverse‐time migration that uses plane‐wave transformed gathers. Original shot gathers with appropriate data acquisition geometry are double slant stacked into the double plane‐wave domain with minimal slant stacking artefacts. The range of plane‐wave components needed for migration can be determined by estimating the maximum time dips present in shot gathers. This reduces the total number of input traces for migration and increases migration efficiency. Unlike the pre‐stack shot‐profile reverse‐time migration where the number of forward propagations is proportional to the number of shots, the number of forward propagations needed for the proposed method remains constant and is relatively small even for large seismic datasets. Therefore, the proposed method can improve the efficiency of the migration and be suitable for migrating large datasets. Double plane‐wave reverse‐time migration can be performed for selected plane‐wave components to obtain subsurface interfaces with different dips, which makes the migration method target oriented. This feature also makes the method a useful tool for migration velocity analysis. For example, we are able to promptly obtain trial images with nearly horizontal interfaces and adjust velocity models according to common image gathers. Seismic signal coming from steeply dipping interfaces can be included into the migration to build images with more detailed structures and higher spatial resolution as better velocity models become available. Illumination compensation imaging conditions for the proposed method are also introduced to obtain images with balanced amplitudes.  相似文献   

Velocity characteristics along a small step–pool channel     

Ellen E. Wohl  Douglas M. Thompson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(4):353-367

This paper summarizes measurements of velocity along three reaches of a small mountain channel with step–pool bedforms. A one‐dimensional electromagnetic current meter was used to record velocity fluctuations at 37 fixed measurement points during five measurement intervals spanning the peak of the annual snowmelt hydrograph. Measurement cross‐sections were located upstream from a bed‐step, at the step lip, downstream from the step, and in a uniform‐gradient run. Data analyses focused on characteristics of velocity profiles, and on correlations between velocity characteristics and the potential control variables bedform type, reach gradient and flow depth. To test the hypothesis that velocity characteristics are related to channel bedform types, ANOVA and ANCOVA tests were performed for the average velocity and coefficient of variation of point velocity data. Results indicate that high frequency velocity variations correlate to some degree with both channel characteristics and discharge. Velocity became more variable as stage increased, particularly at low‐gradient reaches with less variable bed roughness. Velocity profiles suggest that locations immediately downstream from bed‐steps are dominated by wake turbulence from mid‐profile shear layers. Locations immediately upstream from steps, at step lips, and in runs are dominated by bed‐generated turbulence. Adverse pressure gradients upstream and downstream from steps may be enhancing turbulence generation, whereas favourable pressure gradients at steps are suppressing turbulence. The bed‐generated turbulence and skin friction of runs appear to be less effective energy dissipators than the wake‐generated turbulence and form drag of step–pool bedforms. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1999年广东汛期降水的季节内振荡   总被引：7，自引：10，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

唐天毅  吴池胜  王安宇  侯尔滨  罗会邦 《热带气象学报》2007,23(6):683-689

根据广东6个代表站和澳门大潭山的降水资料以及NCEP的再分析资料，利用波谱分析法和Marakami的带通滤波技术，分析了1999年4-9月广东降水的季节内振荡（ISO）特征及其与大气环流的ISO之间的联系。结果表明：广东汛期降水的季节内变化的主模是10～20天振荡；850hPa层上影响广东地区的周期为10—20天的低频环流系统有两类传播模型，一类是由中纬度传到广东地区；另一类是来自热带地区，广东降水的10～20天振荡与它们的活动密切相关。  相似文献   

Short-term climate changes during the Last Glacial–Holocene transition: comparison between Mediterranean records and the GRIP event stratigraphy     

A. Asioli  F. Trincardi  J. J. Lowe  F. Oldfield 《第四纪科学杂志》1999,14(4):373-381

This paper presents biostratigraphical and stable isotope data obtained from core CM92–43, which was recovered from the central Adriatic as part of a comprehensive investigation of the palaeoenvironmental history of the basin. The data span the period of the Last Glacial–Holocene (LG–H) transition (ca. 18000 to 8000 GRIP ice-core yr BP). Regional biozones are defined on the basis of characteristic assemblages of planktic Foraminifera, and these are compared with other foraminiferal biostratigraphical schemes from the southern Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Variations in relative abundance of selected planktic Foraminifera and in selected pollen types are shown alongside variations in δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C obtained from Globigerina bulloides and relative abundance of Globigerinoides ex. gr. ruber. The data are compared with the GRIP ice-core record and the event stratigraphy scheme based on this record, and it is concluded that the climate forcing mechanisms that controlled climate variations in the North Atlantic region during the LG–H transition also extended their influence into the Mediterranean region over the same period. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

INTERCOMPARISON OF THE INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS OF SUMMER PRECIPITATION IN CHINA SIMULATED BY AOGCMS FROM THE IPCC-DDC   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲍名  黄荣辉 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2005,11(1):10-22

Simulations of the interdecadal variations of summer rainfall over China are assessed from 5 coupled AOGCMs from the Data Distribution Center (DDC) of the Intergovernmental Panel in Climate Change (IPCC) under the IPCC-Special Report in Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2 and B2 scenario. We examined their ability in simulating the interdecadal variations of summer precipitation over China from 1951 to 1990. The difference before and after the mid-1960’s and the late 1970’s is given respectively to check the capability of the models, especially in reproducing the rainfall jump in North China. We also investigated the interdecadal variations simulated by the models in the 1990’s and the average of 2001-2020 in the future under the scenario A2 and B2. The analysis shows that the current AOGCMs is not good enough in simulating the interdecadal variations of summer precipitation in China. The interdecadal variations of summer rainfall simulated by most of the models cannot reproduce the observation in North China. Higher resolution models are suggested to well simulate the interdecadal variability in regional scale.  相似文献   

1961—2017年基于地面观测的新疆积雪时空变化研究   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

王慧  王胜利  余行杰  王梅霞  韩雪云 《冰川冻土》2020,42(1):72-80

选取新疆89个气象站1961—2017年逐日积雪深度观测资料, 分析近60 a新疆冬季最大积雪深度及积雪日数的时空变化特征。结果表明： 新疆冬季最大积雪深度以天山为界, 天山以北多于南部, 北疆北部和伊犁河谷最大达60 ~ 100 cm, 天山山区及天山北坡30 ~ 60 cm, 南疆大部地区不足20 cm; 新疆北部最大雪深多出现在1996年以后, 也是新疆气候由暖干转为暖湿的阶段。近60 a新疆区域尤其是北疆、 天山山区冬季最大积雪深度呈显著增加趋势, 南疆略有增加; 89个气象站中87.6%呈增加趋势, 20个显著增加, 主要分布在天山以北地区。分析不同积雪深度出现的日数, 新疆区域、 北疆地区、 天山山区≤10 cm积雪约占积雪总日数的48% ~ 58%, 10 ~ 20 cm积雪占24% ~ 32%, 20 ~ 30 cm积雪占12% ~ 15%, >30 cm积雪约占5%左右; 南疆地区以≤5 cm积雪为主。新疆区域、 北疆地区以及天山山区积雪日数总体呈减少趋势, 其中≤10 cm积雪日数减少, 尤其北疆显著减少, >20 cm积雪日数显著增加, 南疆变化不明显; 空间变化趋势分布基本与区域变化一致。  相似文献   

阿拉伯海淡水输运量的季节变化特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

许金电  高璐  邱云  张俊鹏 《海洋学报》2019,41(7):1-14

本文利用简单海洋模式同化再分析产品等资料，阐述了阿拉伯海与赤道西印度洋，阿拉伯海与阿曼湾之间淡水输运量的季节变化特征，揭示了阿拉伯海淡水输运量的基本平衡和季节变化特征。结果表明，阿拉伯海得到的淡水输运量(包括来自赤道西印度洋、河流)和失去的淡水输运量(包括降水量减蒸发量、向阿曼湾输运)基本相当。阿拉伯海通过海气交换失去的淡水(降水量减蒸发量)主要由来自赤道西印度洋(包括孟加拉湾)的淡水输运来补偿，赤道西印度洋向阿拉伯海的淡水输运对维持阿拉伯海的盐度基本平衡起到至关重要的作用。阿拉伯海的淡水输运量在1?6月和12月为负值，失去淡水；7?11月为正值，9月最大，得到淡水。阿拉伯海的净淡水输运量的季节变化特征表现为单峰现象。阿拉伯海与赤道西印度洋(9°N断面）的淡水输运量主要出现在表层至约200 m层，多年平均约为0.1×106 m3/s，向阿拉伯海输运。从10月至翌年3月，来自孟加拉湾的低盐水向阿拉伯海输运，该输运主要出现在印度半岛西南端近海约60 m层以浅区域。夏季和秋季，出现在索马里半岛东部海域的涡旋(大回旋)引起的输运(涡旋的西部低盐水向北输运，东部高盐水向南输运)，不仅输运量是一年当中最大的，而且影响的深度可达约300 m。该输运从6月开始形成，8?9月最强，11月迅速减弱。阿拉伯海与阿曼湾的淡水输运量较小，其垂直分布呈现3层结构，表层至10 m层，高盐水向阿拉伯海输运；15～170 m层，低盐水向阿曼湾输运；175～400 m层，高盐水向阿拉伯海输运。阿曼湾湾口断面多年平均淡水输运量约为0.39×104 m3/s，向阿曼湾输运。  相似文献   

渤海经济无脊椎动物群落的年代变动     

吴强  关丽莎  李忠义  单秀娟  金显仕 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(10):60-66

With the decline of fish stocks, the proportions of economically important invertebrates like crustaceans and cephalopods have increased in the Bohai Sea. The community structure and trophic level of economically important invertebrates were analyzed using the bottom trawl survey data collected by the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute in the Bohai Sea in May and August of 1958–1959, 1982, 1992–1993, 2004, 2009 and 2015. A total of 37 species of economically important invertebrates, belonging to 5 orders, 24 families, were captured. The biomass densities of economically important invertebrates in the Bohai Sea displayed an overall downward trend from 1982 to 2015. Oratosquilla oratoria and Loligo spp. were the most dominant species in the past 30 years, the biomass proportion of O. oratoria increased gradually in both May and August from 1982 to 2015. Moreover,biodiversity indices of economically important invertebrates in the Bohai Sea appeared to decline from 1982 to2004 and then increased in 2015. Similarly, the mean trophic level of economically important invertebrates declined from 1982 to 2004 and increased slightly in 2015. Overall, although the proportions of invertebrates have increased, the biomass densities in the Bohai Sea have displayed an overall downward trend from 1982 to 2015.The increases in the biodiversity and trophic level of economically important invertebrates after the 2000 s,possibly benefit from stock enhancement projects implemented by governments at different levels and national fishery management measures such as the "double-control" of the total number and engine power of fishing vessels and summer moratorium of fishing.  相似文献   

基于地面监测数据的潍坊市O3时空特征研究     

杨丽娜  马照亭  朱立宁  刘晓 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):54-56,60

采用2008—2016年潍坊市38个监测站点O3的监测数据,按照时刻、日、月、季度等不同时间尺度,运用统计方法得出潍坊市O3污染时空特征,并对其成因进行分析,得出了以下结论:1)在9年时间里,O3污染在2009年以后逐渐呈下降趋势,2014年出现轻微波动;2)O3具有明显的季节变化特征,夏季浓度较高,每年5—8月为污染高峰月,高达139.08μg/m3,秋季次之,其次是冬季、春季;3)潍坊市O3污染“周末效应”显著,星期六和星期日O3浓度达到较高水平,星期四、星期五浓度相对较低;4)在一天中,午后浓度达到高峰,凌晨及夜间O3浓度较低。  相似文献